Greater risk of nonunion when displaced scaphoid fracture is treated with plaster cast

Injury. 2012 Jun;43(6):933-9. Epub 2012 Mar 15

Vascularised vs. Non-vascularised bone grafting for treatment of scaphoid non-union

Int Orthop. 2010 Jun;34(5):683-8. Epub 2009 Sep 3

Intramedullary nailing with reaming in femoral shaft fractures results in less nonunion

J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003 Nov;85-A(11):2093-6

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy: Excellent outcomes for long-bone nonunion

J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Nov;91(11):2589-97.

AAOS 2016: Electrical stimulation effective for pain & nonunion vs. sham

AAOS 2016: Single-dose vitamin D does not reduce nonunion rate in acute long bone fracture

Lower rate of nonunion with reamed vs. unreamed IM nailing for closed tibial fractures

Orthopedics. 2014 Apr 1;37(4):e332-8

OTA 2016: ORIF with plate lowers nonunion rate vs. sling for displaced clavicle fractures

Adjunct mesenchymal stem cells to Ilizarov method reduce time to union following tibial nonunion

Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018 May;25(4):819-825

Midshaft clavicular fractures: operative treatment improves nonunion and functional scores

J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014 Feb;23(2):173-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2013.06.025. Epub 2013 Oct 12.

Nonunion reduced, 1-yr function not affected by plate fixation vs. sling for displaced clavicle Frx

Bone Joint J. 2018 Oct;100-B(10):1385-1391. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.100B10.BJJ-2017-1137.R3

COA 2013: Nonunion reduced in tibial fracture treatment with reamed intramedullary nailing

AAOS2018: Fixation reduces nonunion rate versus nonoperative treatment for distal clavicle fracture

Electrical stimulation for bone healing reduced pain and risk of nonunion vs. sham control

Sci Rep. 2016 Aug 19;6:31724. doi: 10.1038/srep31724.

OTA: Indomethacin is no better than placebo for preventing heterotopic ossification

MIPO offers lower rate of nonunion compared to functional bracing of a humeral shaft fracture

J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017 Apr 5;99(7):583-592

Lower nonunion rate with PRP-augmented cannulated screw fixation of femoral neck fracture

Int Orthop. 2016 May;40(5):1019-24

SICOT2018: Higher function and lower mal/nonunion rates with fixation vs sling for clavicle fracture

Operative care of clavicle fracture reduces complications, nonunion, and malunion

Int Orthop. 2013 Aug;37(8):1495-500

Osteogenic protein-1 is safe and effective in the treatment of tibial nonunion

J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83-A Suppl 1(Pt 2):S151-8