Sixty-eight adolescents with patellofemoral pain were randomized to receive either a series of psychologically informed educational videos (n = 34) or biomedical educational videos (n = 34), both in addition to standard exercise-based physical therapy. The primary outcome was change in function measured by the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS). Secondary outcomes included pain intensity (Numeric Pain-Rating Scale), fear-avoidance beliefs (FABQ-PA), kinesiophobia (TSK-11), and pain catastrophizing (PCS-C). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks (primary endpoint), and 3 months. Overall, the results of the study revealed that the psychologically informed group showed significantly greater improvements in function and pain, and larger reductions in maladaptive psychological beliefs at 6 weeks and 3 months. These findings suggest that brief, age-appropriate psychologically informed education enhances rehabilitation outcomes for adolescents with PFP beyond standard physical therapy alone.