55 patients (89 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) were randomized into 2 groups with either a porous tantalum rod implantation and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) based peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) transplantation or just a porous tantalum rod implantation. Safety and efficacy of the combination treatment were assessed over 36 months via hip function, conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA), radiological progression of ONFH, and the development of adverse events. Results indicated the combination treatment improved hip function and decreased the rate of THA while slowing the radiological progression of ONFH in comparison to porous tantalum rod implantation alone. These improvements were accomplished without increasing adverse events or complications.