This systematic review and meta-analysis included nine randomized controlled trials involving 341 patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). This study compared the effects of balance training versus no intervention or strength training on outcomes such as the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure for Activities of Daily Living (FAAM-ADL) and Sports, and the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Meta-analysis results demonstrated significant improvements in CAIT, SEBT-PL, SEBT-PM, and FAAM Sports scores with balance training compared to blank controls (no intervention). However, no significant differences were observed between balance training and strength training in terms of dynamic stability outcomes. The findings suggest that balance training effectively enhances functional outcomes and certain aspects of dynamic stability in CAI patients.