TENS effective in relieving acute hip pain after non-life threatening trauma

J Trauma. 2007 Jan;62(1):184-8; discussion 188.

AAOS2017: TENS demonstrates analgesic potential following outpatient arthroscopic RCR

Early postoperative TENS after total knee arthroplasty does not benefit pain reduction

J Knee Surg. 2018 Feb;31(2):189-196

Active and placebo TENS therapy associated with reduced shoulder strength following induced DOMS

Pain Pract. 2018 Nov;18(8):954-968.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation after Colles' fracture fixation

J Altern Complement Med. 2015 Dec;21(12):754-8

Manual Therapy and TENS comparable for mechanical neck disorder

Man Ther. 2011 Feb;16(1):66-73

Sham-SMT is a believable sham comparator for studying effects of SMT in shoulder pain

Man Ther. 2013 Feb;18(1):60-4. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2012.07.003. Epub 2012 Aug 9

Improved pressure pain threshold in patients with knee osteoarthritis with TENS treatment

Phys Ther. 2012 Jul;92(7):898-910. Epub 2012 Mar 30

Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy & sham surgery similar for degenerative meniscal tear

N Engl J Med. 2013 Dec 26;369(26):2515-24. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1305189

Does TENS expedite pain resolution following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair?

J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017 Sep;26(9):1508-1513

TENS and therapeutic exercise effect on quadriceps activation in OA

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011 Jan;41(1):4-12. Epub 2010 Dec 31

TENS does not improve pain and function at 1-year compared to standard of care for knee OA

J Knee Surg. 2016 Aug;29(6):497-501. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1566735. Epub 2015 Nov 5.

Sham thoracic SMT plausible as a comparator in studies with shoulder pain patients

Man Ther. 2015 Feb;20(1):171-5.

No benefit of TENS plus exercise over exercise only in acute post-operative rehab following ACL-R

Disabil Rehabil. 2019 Mar;41(5):514-522.

Electrical stimulation for bone healing reduced pain and risk of nonunion vs. sham control

Sci Rep. 2016 Aug 19;6:31724. doi: 10.1038/srep31724.

Adding Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy to TENS and Hotpack Improves Pain and QoL After 12 Weeks

Turk J Med Sci. 2019 08-Aug;():. 10.3906/sag-1901-65

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain relief following TKA

Pain. 2014 Dec;155(12):2599-611.

AAOS 2016: Electrical stimulation effective for pain & nonunion vs. sham

Neurodynamic technique proves no better than sham treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009 Oct;39(10):709-23. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2009.3117.

Decompression of no statistical benefit over sham, and no clinical benefit over exercise for SIS

BMJ. 2018 Jul 19;362:k2860. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k2860