Surgical treatment more effective than nonsurgical treatment for calcaneal fractures

Int Orthop. 2012 Aug;36(8):1615-22. Epub 2012 May 11

TKR more effective than nonsurgical treatment for knee osteoarthritis over 12 months

N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 22;373(17):1597-606.

Achilles tendon rupture: Comparing the 1-year results of surgical vs nonsurgical treatment

Am J Sports Med. 2010 Nov;38(11):2186-93.

AAOS 2016: One-year results of surgical vs. nonsurgical treatment of type B ankle fracture

Surgical treatment of scaphoid waist fractures associated with high risk of complications

J Hand Surg Am. 2011 Nov;36(11):1759-1768.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.08.033

Comparable outcomes in early motion rehab for Achilles tendon rupture with/without surgery

Am J Sports Med. 2007 Dec;35(12):2033-8. Epub 2007 Sep 20

No difference in surgical vs nonsurgical treatment of displaced proximal humerus fracture

JAMA. 2015 Mar 10;313(10):1037-47

COA: Surgical fixation improves critical care outcomes of flail chest injuries

Conservative interventions provide no benefit over no treatment for lateral epicondylitis

Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015 Mar;473(3):1093-107.

OTA: Surgical fixation improves critical care outcomes of flail chest injuries

Nonsurgical treatment is recommended for proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients

PLoS One. 2013 Sep 16;8(9):e75464

Surgical treatment superior for patellar dislocation in terms of recurrence and function

Arthroscopy. 2019;35(8):2469-2481. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.03.047

Balloon Kyphoplasty Reduces Back Pain in Acute Vertebral Compression Fractures

J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Jul;26(7):1627-37. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.364

Physical therapy yields similar physical function to surgery in lumbar spinal stenosis

Ann Intern Med. 2015 Apr 7;162(7):465-73

Surgical treatment of spine fracture more cost-effective than non-surgical treatment

Indian J Orthop. 2007 Oct;41(4):332-6

Achilles tendon rupture: Surgery with accelerated rehab similar to non-surgical treatment

Am J Sports Med. 2013 Dec;41(12):2867-76. doi: 10.1177/0363546513503282. Epub 2013 Sep 6.

OTA 2015: Surgery vs nonsurgical treatment of proximal humeral fracture over 2-yr followup

ISASS 2016: Mini-invasive SI joint fusion vs nonsurgical treatment of SI joint dysfunction

Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: Surgical treatment results in improved pain and function

N Engl J Med. 2007 May 31;356(22):2257-70

Greater leg pain relief with lumbar microdiscectomy vs nonsurgical treatment for persistent sciatica

N Engl J Med. 2020 ;():. 10.1056/NEJMoa1912658