Morphine following arthroscopic knee surgery provides pain relief with minimal side-effect

Arthroscopy. 2013 Aug;29(8):1450-1458

IA injection of morphine + bupivacaine vs. morphine alone for analgesia after arthroscopy

PLoS One. 2015 Oct 16;10(10):e0140512

IA bupivacaine and morphine reduces pain in arthroscopic knee surgery compared to placebo

BMJ Open. 2015 Jun 15;5(6):e006815

COA 2013: Morphine is an effective analgesic after arthroscopic knee surgery

Similar pain, lower opioid consumption with addition of morphine to local multimodal cocktail in TKA

Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Oct;98(41):e17503.

AAOS 2016: No added benefit of morphine to periarticular injection for TKA

Ketamine and magnesium significantly reduces morphine consumption in scoliosis patients

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014 May;58(5):572-9

Bupivacaine vs. morphine following knee arthroscopy: comparable postoperative pain results

Orthopedics. 2013 Sep 1;36(9):e1121-7

Long-acting morphine given after THR or TKR offers little pain relief

Pain Res Manag. 2012 Mar-Apr;17(2):83-8

AAOS 2015: Sublingual sufentanil advantageous over IV morphine for pain after TKA/THA

Transdermal fentanyl patches reduce pain and morphine consumption after TKA

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014 Jul;22(7):1580-4. doi: 10.1007/s00167-012-2287-9. Epub 2012 Dec 2.

AOSSM: Morphine equally effective as bupivacaine in pain management after knee arthroscopy

Continuous infusion of bupivacaine following TKA does not improve morphine consumption

J Arthroplasty. 2013 Mar;28(3):479-84. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2012.07.016. Epub 2012 Nov 2

Preoperative continuous FNB does not reduce morphine consumption in hip fracture patients

Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2016 Feb;35(1):37-43

Similar Post-Op Pain & Opioid Use with Intra-Articular Morphine vs Saline after ACL Reconstruction

Asia-Pacific journal of sports medicine, arthroscopy, rehabilitation and technology. 2020 30-Mar;():. 10.1016/j.asmart.2019.12.001

Similar analgesic efficacy noted with intrathecal morphine and FNB following TKA

Int J Surg. 2016 Aug;32:89-98

TKA: LIA effective short term analgesia in terms of VAS, morphine consumption and function

Knee. 2014 Jun;21(3):636-46

IV Titrated Morphine vs Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen for pain relief of lower extremity fractures in ED

Exp Ther Med. 2018 Oct;16(4):3674-3679.

Femoral nerve block reduces pain and total morphine consumption in TKA

J Arthroplasty. 2009 Feb;24(2):204-9. Epub 2008 Mar 4

ACL reconstruction: Morphine–bupivacaine more effective than tramadol–bupivacaine

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012 Sep;20(9):1839-44. doi: 10.1007/s00167-011-1791-7. Epub 2011 Nov 24.