Pulsed electrical stimulation provides no benefit for management of knee osteoarthritis

Arthritis Rheum. 2011 May;63(5):1333-42. doi: 10.1002/art.30258

Comparable spinal fusion rates between three different electrical stimulation techniques

Spine J. 2013 Oct;13(10):1238-43

Perioperative Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation in Major Spinal Surgery

BMC Anesthesiol. 2022 01-Nov;():. 10.1186/s12871-022-01875-3

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation After Total Knee Arthroplasty

. 2022 01-Jan;():. 10.1055/s-0040-1713420

Variable results of electrical stimulation following spinal fusion

Evid Based Spine Care J. 2014 Oct;5(2):87-94

Neuromuscular Electrical Muscle Stimulation on the Deltoid for Shoulder Function

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2022 01-Jul;():. 10.1007/s00402-022-04515-0

AAOS2017: TENS demonstrates analgesic potential following outpatient arthroscopic RCR

Limited Evidence on Mirror Therapy Plus Electrical Stimulation for Upper Limb Function After Stroke

Clin Rehabil. 2021 01-Jan;():. 10.1177/0269215520951935

AAOS 2016: Electrical stimulation effective for pain & nonunion vs. sham

Electrical stimulation yields high union rates for tibial shaft fractures

Injury. 2003 May;34(5):357-62.

Effect of electrical stimulation on fusion rate in spinal fusion surgery

Bioelectromagnetics. 2002 Oct;23(7):496-504.

OTA 2016: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation vs. TENS in post-pelvic fracture rehab

Concurrent TENS with therapeutic ultrasound offers no benefit in knee osteoarthritis treatment

Clin Rehabil. 2019 Jul;33(7):1197-1205. doi: 10.1177/0269215519838017

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Enhanced Recovery After Total Hip Arthroplasty

Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2022 01-Sep;():. 10.1177/21514593221129528

Use of electrical stimulation intervention for bone and soft-tissue conditions

Bioelectromagnetics. 2002 Feb;23(2):132-43

Early postoperative TENS after total knee arthroplasty does not benefit pain reduction

J Knee Surg. 2018 Feb;31(2):189-196

Dry Needling Alone vs. Dry Needling with Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation for Myofascial Pain

The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy. 2021 21-Aug;():. 10.1080/10669817.2020.1824469

AAOS2018: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation does not affect atrophy after Achilles repair

Electrical stimulation with exercise programme effective in the management of knee OA

Clin Rehabil. 2013 Mar;27(3):246-57. doi: 10.1177/0269215512456388. Epub 2012 Sep 5

Electrical stimulation for bone healing reduced pain and risk of nonunion vs. sham control

Sci Rep. 2016 Aug 19;6:31724. doi: 10.1038/srep31724.